概述：

     青光眼是(shi)指眼(yan)內壓間斷(duan)或持(chi)續升高(gao)的一種眼(yan)病持(chi)續的高(gao)眼(yan)壓可以(yi)給眼(yan)球各(ge)部分組織和視功能帶來損害如(ru)不及(ji)時(shi)治療(liao)，視野可以(yi)全部喪失而至失明。青光眼(yan)是(shi)導致(zhi)人類失明的三(san)大致(zhi)盲眼(yan)病之(zhi)一總(zong)人病率為1%，45歲以(yi)后(hou)為2%。

　　青(qing)光(guang)(guang)(guang)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)是一種常(chang)(chang)見的(de)致盲眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)病，分原(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)青(qing)光(guang)(guang)(guang)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、繼發(fa)(fa)性(xing)青(qing)光(guang)(guang)(guang)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、先天性(xing)青(qing)光(guang)(guang)(guang)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)三大(da)類。原(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)青(qing)光(guang)(guang)(guang)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中又分為(wei)閉(bi)角(jiao)型青(qing)光(guang)(guang)(guang)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)與開角(jiao)型青(qing)光(guang)(guang)(guang)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。在(zai)我國老年(nian)人中常(chang)(chang)見的(de)為(wei)急性(xing)閉(bi)角(jiao)型青(qing)光(guang)(guang)(guang)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。其發(fa)(fa)病特(te)點是發(fa)(fa)病急，但眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)科(ke)癥狀(zhuang)卻(que)(que)不太明顯，特(te)別是它(ta)慣用“聲(sheng)東擊西”的(de)“詭(gui)計”，病在(zai)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)上，癥狀(zhuang)卻(que)(que)表(biao)現在(zai)軀體的(de)其他(ta)部(bu)位。容易造成誤診(zhen)、誤治。

　　急性閉角型青光(guang)(guang)眼的(de)(de)(de)軀(qu)體癥(zheng)狀有(you)(you)、眼睛(jing)劇(ju)痛(tong)(tong)或脹痛(tong)(tong)、虹視(shi)、惡心(xin)、嘔吐，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)還有(you)(you)腹痛(tong)(tong)、或等。雖(sui)然有(you)(you)眼部癥(zheng)狀，但往往被忽視(shi)。有(you)(you)時(shi)(shi)，只根據(ju)其軀(qu)體癥(zheng)狀，誤診為或等，錯過(guo)了青光(guang)(guang)眼的(de)(de)(de)最佳治(zhi)療時(shi)(shi)機，甚至會造成(cheng)失明。

　　發(fa)現(xian)(xian)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)睛脹痛(tong)、虹(hong)視、視力(li)下(xia)降等癥狀(zhuang)，就應當到眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)科檢查，排除眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)科疾病。眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)科診斷青(qing)光(guang)(guang)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)并(bing)不難，有三大表(biao)現(xian)(xian)：一是眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)壓(ya)明顯增(zeng)高，正常人眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)壓(ya)20毫米(mi)汞(gong)(gong)柱，而青(qing)光(guang)(guang)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)患者的眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)壓(ya)達到50～80毫米(mi)汞(gong)(gong)柱，用手指(zhi)撫(fu)摸眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)球(qiu)堅(jian)硬如(ru)石(shi)。二是有虹(hong)視現(xian)(xian)象，即看(kan)燈光(guang)(guang)時(shi)出現(xian)(xian)五(wu)彩繽紛的彩虹(hong)。三是視物(wu)模糊，視力(li)下(xia)降，角膜水腫，呈霧狀(zhuang)或毛玻璃(li)狀(zhuang)。發(fa)現(xian)(xian)上述(shu)情況后(hou)應立即治療，降低眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)壓(ya)。但(dan)藥物(wu)只能暫時(shi)緩解癥狀(zhuang)，不能阻止復(fu)發(fa)。因此(ci)，應及時(shi)進行恰當的手術及相(xiang)關治療，以挽救視力(li)。

　　對于青光眼(yan)的“聲東(dong)擊(ji)西”之“計(ji)”，第一(yi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)預料，有(you)防備，特(te)別(bie)對老(lao)年人，有(you)頭痛腦漲時，要(yao)(yao)(yao)考慮有(you)無眼(yan)病。第二，要(yao)(yao)(yao)及時識別(bie)，在觀察軀體癥狀(zhuang)時，不可忽視眼(yan)科癥狀(zhuang)，經(jing)過檢查識破假象，查明“真(zhen)兇”，解除險象。除了(le)醫生(sheng)要(yao)(yao)(yao)注(zhu)意外(wai)，患者自己也應(ying)掌握這方(fang)面(mian)的基本知(zhi)識。同時，要(yao)(yao)(yao)注(zhu)意保護眼(yan)睛，特(te)別(bie)是(shi)晚(wan)上不要(yao)(yao)(yao)用眼(yan)過度，看電視不要(yao)(yao)(yao)連續時間太長，保持心情(qing)舒(shu)暢，避免急躁、暴怒，以(yi)防止青光眼(yan)的發生(sheng)。

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