是件(jian)讓人很(hen)煩的事，很(hen)多人因(yin)為頭痛(tong)(tong)而無(wu)法正常工作，下面(mian)就由小編(bian)來(lai)為大家講講頭痛(tong)(tong)有哪些癥(zheng)狀(zhuang)吧!

　　1.前軀期 60%的(de)偏(pian)(pian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)患者在頭(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)開始(shi)前數小時(shi)至數天出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)前軀(qu)(qu)癥(zheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)。前軀(qu)(qu)癥(zheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)并非(fei)先(xian)兆，不論是(shi)有先(xian)兆偏(pian)(pian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)還(huan)是(shi)無先(xian)兆偏(pian)(pian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)均可(ke)(ke)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)前軀(qu)(qu)癥(zheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)。可(ke)(ke)表(biao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)精神、心(xin)(xin)理改變，如精神抑郁、疲乏無力、懶散、昏(hun)昏(hun)欲睡，也可(ke)(ke)情緒(xu)激動。易激惹(re)、焦(jiao)慮、心(xin)(xin)煩(fan)或欣快感等。尚可(ke)(ke)表(biao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)自(zi)主神經癥(zheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，如面色蒼(cang)白、發(fa)冷、厭食或明(ming)顯的(de)饑(ji)餓感、口渴、尿少、、排尿費力、打哈欠、頸項(xiang)發(fa)硬、惡心(xin)(xin)、腸蠕(ru)動增加、腹痛(tong)(tong)、、心(xin)(xin)慌、氣短(duan)、心(xin)(xin)率加快，對氣味過度敏感等。不同患者前軀(qu)(qu)癥(zheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)具有很大的(de)差異(yi)，但每例患者每次(ci)發(fa)作(zuo)的(de)前軀(qu)(qu)癥(zheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)具有相對穩定性(xing)。這些(xie)前軀(qu)(qu)癥(zheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)可(ke)(ke)在前軀(qu)(qu)期(qi)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)，也可(ke)(ke)于(yu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)發(fa)作(zuo)中、甚至持續到頭(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)發(fa)作(zuo)后(hou)成為(wei)(wei)后(hou)續癥(zheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)。

　　2.先兆 約(yue)有20%的偏頭(tou)痛(tong)患者出(chu)(chu)現(xian)先(xian)(xian)兆(zhao)癥(zheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。先(xian)(xian)兆(zhao)多(duo)為局灶性神(shen)(shen)經(jing)癥(zheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，偶(ou)為全面(mian)性神(shen)(shen)經(jing)功能障礙。典型(xing)的先(xian)(xian)兆(zhao)應(ying)符合下(xia)(xia)列(lie)4條特征中的3條，即：重復出(chu)(chu)現(xian)，逐漸(jian)發展、持續(xu)時間不多(duo)于lh，并跟隨出(chu)(chu)現(xian)頭(tou)痛(tong)。大多(duo)數病(bing)例(li)先(xian)(xian)兆(zhao)持續(xu)5～20min。極少數情況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)先(xian)(xian)兆(zhao)可突然發作，也有的患者于頭(tou)痛(tong)期間出(chu)(chu)現(xian)先(xian)(xian)兆(zhao)性癥(zheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。尚有伴遷延性先(xian)(xian)兆(zhao)的偏頭(tou)痛(tong)，其(qi)先(xian)(xian)兆(zhao)不僅(jin)始于頭(tou)痛(tong)之前，尚可持續(xu)到頭(tou)痛(tong)后數小時至7天。

　　先兆可為視覺性的、運動性的、感覺性的，也可表現為腦干或小腦性功能障礙。最(zui)常見(jian)的(de)(de)先(xian)兆(zhao)(zhao)為(wei)視(shi)(shi)覺(jue)性先(xian)兆(zhao)(zhao)，約占先(xian)兆(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)90%。如閃電(dian)、暗點、單眼(yan)黑矇(meng)、雙眼(yan)黑矇(meng)、視(shi)(shi)物變形、視(shi)(shi)野外(wai)空白等(deng)。閃光(guang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)為(wei)鋸(ju)齒(chi)樣(yang)(yang)或閃電(dian)樣(yang)(yang)閃光(guang)、城垛(duo)樣(yang)(yang)閃光(guang)。視(shi)(shi)網(wang)膜動脈型(xing)(xing)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)痛(tong)患(huan)者(zhe)眼(yan)底(di)(di)可(ke)(ke)(ke)見(jian)視(shi)(shi)網(wang)膜水腫，偶可(ke)(ke)(ke)見(jian)櫻紅色黃(huang)斑。僅次于(yu)視(shi)(shi)覺(jue)現(xian)(xian)象的(de)(de)常見(jian)先(xian)兆(zhao)(zhao)為(wei)麻(ma)(ma)痹(bi)。典型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)是影(ying)響一(yi)側手和面部，也可(ke)(ke)(ke)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)癱(tan)。如果優勢半球受(shou)累，可(ke)(ke)(ke)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)失語。數十分(fen)鐘后出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)對側或同側頭(tou)痛(tong)，多在兒童期發(fa)病。這稱(cheng)為(wei)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)癱(tan)型(xing)(xing)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)痛(tong)。偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)癱(tan)型(xing)(xing)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)痛(tong)患(huan)者(zhe)的(de)(de)局灶性體征可(ke)(ke)(ke)持續7天以上，甚至在影(ying)像學上發(fa)現(xian)(xian)腦(nao)梗(geng)死(si)。偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)痛(tong)伴遷延性先(xian)兆(zhao)(zhao)和偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)痛(tong)性偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)癱(tan)以前曾被劃入“復(fu)雜性偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)痛(tong)”。偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)痛(tong)反(fan)復(fu)發(fa)作后出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)眼(yan)球運(yun)動障礙稱(cheng)為(wei)眼(yan)肌麻(ma)(ma)痹(bi)型(xing)(xing)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)痛(tong)。多為(wei)動眼(yan)神(shen)經(jing)麻(ma)(ma)痹(bi)所致，其次為(wei)滑車神(shen)經(jing)和展神(shen)經(jing)麻(ma)(ma)痹(bi)。多有無先(xian)兆(zhao)(zhao)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)痛(tong)病史，反(fan)復(fu)發(fa)作者(zhe)麻(ma)(ma)痹(bi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)經(jing)久不(bu)愈。如果先(xian)兆(zhao)(zhao)涉(she)及腦(nao)干(gan)或小腦(nao)，則這種狀況被稱(cheng)為(wei)基底(di)(di)型(xing)(xing)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)痛(tong)，又稱(cheng)基底(di)(di)動脈型(xing)(xing)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)痛(tong)。可(ke)(ke)(ke)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)頭(tou)昏、眩暈、、聽力障礙、共濟失調、復(fu)視(shi)(shi)，視(shi)(shi)覺(jue)癥狀包括(kuo)閃光(guang)、暗點、黑矇(meng)、視(shi)(shi)野缺損(sun)、視(shi)(shi)物變形。雙側損(sun)害可(ke)(ke)(ke)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)意識抑制，后者(zhe)尤(you)見(jian)于(yu)兒童。尚(shang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)感(gan)覺(jue)遲鈍(dun)，偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)側感(gan)覺(jue)障礙等(deng)。

　  偏(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)(tou)痛(tong)先(xian)兆可(ke)不(bu)伴頭(tou)(tou)痛(tong)出現(xian)(xian)，稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)(tou)痛(tong)等位癥(zheng)(zheng)。多見于兒童偏(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)(tou)痛(tong)。有(you)(you)時見于中年以后(hou)，先(xian)兆可(ke)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)(tou)痛(tong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)的主要臨床(chuang)表現(xian)(xian)而頭(tou)(tou)痛(tong)很輕或無頭(tou)(tou)痛(tong)。也可(ke)與(yu)頭(tou)(tou)痛(tong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)交替(ti)出現(xian)(xian)，可(ke)表現(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)閃光、暗點、腹痛(tong)、腹瀉、惡心、嘔吐(tu)(tu)、復(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)性(xing)(xing)(xing)眩(xuan)暈(yun)、偏(pian)(pian)(pian)癱、偏(pian)(pian)(pian)身(shen)麻木及精神心理改變。如(ru)兒童良(liang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)眩(xuan)暈(yun)、前(qian)庭性(xing)(xing)(xing)梅尼埃病、良(liang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)復(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)性(xing)(xing)(xing)眩(xuan)暈(yun)。有(you)(you)研究(jiu)顯示，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)數(shu)不(bu)少的以往診斷為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)梅尼埃病的患者，其癥(zheng)(zheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)大(da)多數(shu)與(yu)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)(tou)痛(tong)有(you)(you)關。有(you)(you)報道描(miao)述了(le)一組良(liang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)復(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)性(xing)(xing)(xing)眩(xuan)暈(yun)患者，年齡在7～55歲之間，晨起發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)病癥(zheng)(zheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)表現(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)反(fan)復(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)的、惡心、嘔吐(tu)(tu)及大(da)汗，持續(xu)數(shu)分鐘(zhong)至3～4天不(bu)等。發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)開始及末(mo)期表現(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)位置性(xing)(xing)(xing)眩(xuan)暈(yun)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)期間無聽覺(jue)癥(zheng)(zheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)。發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)間期幾乎所(suo)有(you)(you)患者均無癥(zheng)(zheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，這些患者眩(xuan)暈(yun)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)與(yu)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)(tou)痛(tong)有(you)(you)著幾個(ge)共同(tong)的特(te)征，包括(kuo)可(ke)因、、情緒緊(jin)張(zhang)造成(cheng)及加(jia)重(zhong)，女性(xing)(xing)(xing)多發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，常(chang)見于經期。